参议院法案可能使加密货币受到美国制裁，但行业正在努力阻止它

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• 参议院情报委员会最近出台的支出计划中的一项条款针对了加密货币与恐怖主义之间的联系，这让许多业内人士措手不及，他们批评这是对一个有价值目标的错误做法。

• 据消息人士称，该委员会主席、参议员马克·沃纳 (Mark Warner) 的工作人员一直在与数字资产行业人士会面，讨论该条款。

• 加密货币业内人士预测，这一举措不太可能在预算流程中成功实现。

一项对数字资产行业具有重大影响的法案最近在参议院情报特别委员会的资助计划中得到通过，但大多数数字资产业内人士以及国会中的许多人似乎都对此并不知情，但业内人士认为该法案存活下来的机会有限。

参议院一项旨在为美国情报行动提供资金的法案中，有一部分内容借鉴了之前的一项旨在防止使用加密货币支持恐怖主义的法案。该条款可能要求加密行业进行大规模转型，以识别用户身份，以防止可能扼杀数字资产业务的制裁。如果该法案成为法律，将成为迄今为止美国通过的最重要的加密政策——而且其优缺点尚未引起重大争议。

情报资金工作的这一部分将加快和自动化制裁程序，以制裁与支持恐怖主义组织的用户有联系的“外国数字资产交易促进者”（包括加密货币交易所）。

尽管《情报授权法案》以 17 比 0 的一致投票通过了该法案，但当委员会主席、弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员马克·沃纳 (Mark Warner) 在新闻稿中宣布该法案通过时，该法案的加密部分并未公开提及，也没有被列为该法案的主要条款之一。据三位知情人士透露，沃纳的办公室目前正在安排与加密行业人士会面，讨论该部分，行业游说团体数字商会 (Digital Chamber) 也证实，该商会也在谈判之列。

对话表明，此事仍在讨论中，因为支出方案正在推进，等待参议院更广泛的审议，可能纳入必须通过的《国防授权法案》（NDAA）。

数字商会首席警官 Cody Carbone 在一封电子邮件中告诉 CoinDesk：“我们已经与华纳员工就此事进行了交谈，他们愿意接受来自业界更广泛的参与。鉴于业界的立即反对，我认为它很可能会被排除在 NDAA 流程之外。”

The House of Representatives may also be unlikely to embrace this kind of provision that puts the industry in a strict U.S. box soon after the House approved wider crypto market-structure legislation meant to regulate the industry without stifling it. That passage last month of the Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act (FIT21) saw a third of House Democrats jump on board, suggesting that crypto regulation could have wide bipartisan support across Congress. That showing reinforced another recent industry success in the Senate in which 11 Democrats voted with Republicans to erase the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accounting policy despite a promised (and fulfilled) veto from President Joe Biden.

With so many senators sympathetic to the industry, passage may be difficult to win for illicit-finance legislation that didn't come through an open debate and amendment process. The original bill was backed by Sens. Warner, Jack Reed (D-R.I.), Mike Rounds (R-S.D.) and Mitt Romney (R-Utah).

Overly broad?

The language in the spending bill may implicate a broader-than-intended array of crypto interests, and it could include central banks that issue central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and software developers, industry insiders contend, adding that other lawmakers seem to have been unaware of its existence. It could raise concerns, too, among users of the market-leading Tether stablecoin {{USDT}}, which has been under U.S. scrutiny for the use of its tokens by bad actors.

Warner's office didn't respond to a request for comment on the crypto provision, nor did the office of Sen. Mark Rubio (R-Fla.), who is vice chairman of the intelligence committee.

The Washington-focused representatives of the sector's lobbying groups have sought to make it clear to policymakers that they're open to discussion on legislation to prevent illicit use of cryptocurrency, as this provision aims to accomplish. Such bills have also been broadly recognized as necessary to get Senate Democrats on board with other crypto initiatives to regulate the structure of the markets and the issuance of stablecoins.

"Overall, we’re aligned with the goal of the legislation to cut off funding for foreign terrorist organizations, and I appreciate that it limits coverage to those groups that have 'knowingly' facilitated funds to bad actors," Carbone said, adding that the legislation isn't entirely bad or good. But the guidelines for identifying violators and the lack of a proportional – perhaps tiered – sanctions system could be problematic, he argued, and he said it puts too much authority in the hands of the U.S. Treasury Secretary.

加密货币行业也希望避免重演 2021 年基础设施法案中令人痛苦的立法意外，该法案包括一项指示加密货币征税的最后时刻条款。该法案出乎意料地出台，增强了该行业资助华盛顿更大规模游说活动的兴趣，而该游说活动目前正在影响这项情报法案。

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