时间:2023-08-12|浏览:191
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OptimisticRollup (ORU) has gained wide recognition, with companies such as FuelLabs, OffchainLabs, Optimism, and Hubble building the OptimisticRollup infrastructure.
Recommended reading: "How is the Ethereum Layer 2 ecosystem organized?"
Original title: "Introduction to OptimisticRollup: A Simple Explanation"
Written by: John Adler
Translated and proofread by: Min Min and Ajian
OptimisticRollup is currently the most promising scalability solution for Ethereum and all blockchains. But what is OptimisticRollup (ORU)? Why are Ethereum developers and scalability researchers so excited about it?
In this article, we will introduce the basics of ORU in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. If you want to dive deeper into the technical details, please refer to this article (Chinese translation).
ORU has many desirable features that are unparalleled among all blockchain scalability technologies. A well-designed ORU system will have the following characteristics:
One of the earliest initiatives to enhance Bitcoin scalability was sidechains. Sidechains are blockchains that run alongside the parent chain but have different characteristics, such as shorter block times, larger block sizes, and stronger expressive power for smart contracts. However, traditional sidechains have a fatal flaw: if the majority of miners/validators on a sidechain are dishonest, user funds can be stolen.
Over the years, many technologies have been trying to enhance the security of sidechains to ensure that user funds are not stolen even when the majority of participants are dishonest (this is called trust-minimized two-way pegging). Earlier examples include merged mining and shadow chains, followed by Plasma and ZKRollup. Interestingly, prior to the emergence of ORU, a similar solution was delayed state execution under the sharding mechanism (we will talk about this soon!).
The culmination of this research is what we now know as OptimisticRollup. In June 2019, the article "The Minimal Viable Merge Consensus" first outlined this technology. Since then, the Ethereum community has been strongly supporting ORU as a scalability solution for Ethereum-style smart contract execution, without having to wait for Serenity Phase 2.
Visualization of OptimisticRollup
As a trust-minimized two-way pegged sidechain (in other words, even if every validator on the sidechain is dishonest, funds cannot be stolen), ORU is exceptionally simple in its operation (of course, my article on the "principle" explains it in more detail).